Spheres of Influence by Douglas S. Massey & Stefanie Brodmann

Author:Douglas S. Massey & Stefanie Brodmann [Massey, Douglas S.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781610448222
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Published: 2014-07-02T16:00:00+00:00

Among Hispanics, the application of controls eliminates most of the race-class variation. Taking into account the social ecology to which they are exposed, they still display lower likelihoods and later ages of smoking. Upper-class Hispanics also retain their bleak outlook on life and show a tendency to perceive a higher likelihood of premature death. Most of the other effects, however, are reduced to marginal significance or disappear entirely. Asians display no greater tendency toward risky health behaviors in the presence of ecological controls, and where significant effects do exist they are in the less risky direction. Nonetheless, upper- and lower-class Asians retain a greater likelihood of reporting physical disabilities and depression, and the lower and middle classes are more likely to rate their health as poor. Among whites, however, the various class gradients observed in basic tabulations generally disappear, fall to marginal significance, or reverse sign in the presence of ecological controls. In general, therefore, with a few notable exceptions, variation in health outcomes by race and class are largely accounted for by the different ecological circumstances to which adolescents are exposed, most notably the family emotional environment and the peer environment, but also social and material disadvantages in schools and neighborhoods. Having considered the health component of human capital formation, we now turn to cultivation of cognitive skills.

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